COMMAND REFERENCE

fxcss pick

bash
fxcss pick

The answer to "what is this thing called?" Move the mouse over the browser window and the element under the cursor is outlined, with its selector shown in a label:

Address bar captured by the fxcss catalogue, corresponding to the #urlbar selector
Fresh capture from the bundled starter theme. Capture details.

Click it and your terminal prints everything you need:

example
  toolbarbutton  →  #back-button
  classes   toolbarbutton-1 chromeclass-toolbar-additional
  box       32×36 at (88, 8)
  styles
    color: rgba(46, 52, 54, 0.35)
    border-radius: 8px
    list-style-image: url("chrome://browser/skin/back.svg")
  styled by 11 rules in this theme
    chrome/parts/buttons-fixes.css:5    :root:not([uidensity=compact]) #back-button {
    chrome/parts/custom-icons.css:6     #nav-bar #back-button .toolbarbutton-icon {
    chrome/parts/headerbar.css:76       #nav-bar #back-button:not(#hack) {

That last section is the useful part: not just what the element is, but which of your files already style it, with line numbers. Keep clicking to pick more; Esc in the browser or Ctrl-C in the terminal stops.